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Transom (architectural)
In architecture, a transom is a transverse horizontal structural beam or bar, or a crosspiece separating a door from a window above it. This contrasts with a mullion, a ''vertical'' structural member.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Efficient Windows Collaborative: Glossary )〕 Transom or transom window is also the customary U.S. word used for a transom light, the window over this crosspiece.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is a transom window? )〕 In Britain, the 'transom light' above a door is usually referred to as a "fanlight" if a semi-elliptical shape, and occasionally as an "overlight" or "hopper", or by the French word "vasistas".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Euro Dictionary: Vasistas ) 〕
==History==
In early Gothic ecclesiastical work, transoms are found only in belfry unglazed windows or spire lights, where they were deemed necessary to strengthen the mullions in the absence of the iron stay bars, which in glazed windows served a similar purpose. In the later Gothic, and more especially the Perpendicular Period, the introduction of transoms became common in windows of all kinds.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Principles of Gothic Ecclesiastical Architecture, Elucidated by Question and Answer, 4th ed. )〕
Transom windows which could be opened to provide cross-ventilation while maintaining security and privacy (due to their small size and height above floor level) were a common feature of office buildings and apartments before air conditioning became common.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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